Monday, April 14, 2008

Post-Experimentation Part I

As per the syllabus, I did not expect anyone to participate in the blog or in the full-class discussions in WebCT during the small group experimental activities. The nine weeks have passed as has the week devoted to portfolio-polishing and submission. As a group, the class continues to impress its professor. Every one of the anticipated assignments is on my desk. The queue has a virtual “high priority” stamp upon it; reading shall begin later today. It is important to make some observations and to pose some questions in advance of reviewing the submissions.

I will pick up where I left off at the end of January. During these weeks, I observed some of the interactions on WebCT and others on the various web 2.0 tools, taking great care not to be intrusive. There was not enough time for serious interaction or enough people per group for a dynamic to be built. Both factors were deterrents to the value of the learning experience but considerable learning has occurred in any event. Nevertheless, two-way communication must be learned as a two-way process and the amount of time devoted to an activity should mirror the percentage of the points allotted to it in grading.

Here is a question open for discussion:

Given the need for interaction, an inability to determine enrollment, and the awareness that the small group activity with all its components represents less that half the final grade, how would you structure the teaching/learning activity?

Unstructured activities in the past degenerated into popularity contests. Ungraded activities go ignored by the very people who need the experience the most. Open-ended syllabi contradict the fact that a syllabus is a contract. Is it possible that someone addressed the issue in his reflections and lessons learned? We are at somewhat of a disadvantage here because students are reluctant to appear to be criticizing a professor. Perhaps one of our guests will provide reassurance that the focus is on the subject, not upon me.

Here is a second discussion question:

Should a course, whether totally or partially online, have more than one online tool for interactive discussion? Observing participants as students and as instructors struggle with appropriate placement of different remarks, I formulated my answer which I will share at another time. Here comes the hard part: Assuming you, the instructor, have a range of option, how do you decide which one(s) to use? Please discuss the subject matter of the course in mind when responding to the question. [Yes! The subject matter makes a great deal of difference in the answer. Everything one thinks about needs a frame of reference into which to place one’s thoughts. Same need applies when considering someone else’s thoughts.]

Questions three and four for discussion are carry-over-with-modifications from January 28, 2008. Perhaps, given our limited experience, some answers may be forthcoming. These are important questions. If left unanswered, they may be raised again.

How might thinking skills be developed or extended through collaboration/interaction with any of the web 2.0 tools?

How might a specific learning environment be transformed with a blog, a wiki or another web 2.0 tool?

There are no right or wrong answers. Quickly, before literature on web 2.0 tools becomes established, share your opinions.




14 comments:

Brenda Stutsky said...

Question 2: Type of Web 2.0 Tool

In our online experiment for this course, I used both a wiki and a blog, and based on actual usability and student feedback, in the future I would select just one tool. The instructor needs to ensure that access to the discussion forum is easy, and that that the tools are not cumbersome to use. If more that one tool is used, there needs to be a seamless interface between the two tools, and no passwords or additional logins should be required. In addition, it is very important that a notification system exists for entries, as it is time consuming to keep going back and looking through entries to see if something was added. I would hazard to guess that the lack of a notification system is the reason why no one responded to the January 28th blog posting – no one knew it was there!

I would say that the type of interaction in a class does dictate whether a wiki, a blog, or even a discussion board is used. A wiki is best for collaborate projects such story writing and is used by students of all ages to write books, such as those on WikiBooks (http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page). I must say that after experimenting with wikis, I am not a “big fan” of blogs, as I cannot seem to follow the discussions as easily as in a wiki or a discussion board, especially when several questions are being posed. A problem is that the reader does not always know what question the writer is responding to in the blog. Overall, if I were to select just one tool for a classroom discussion not knowing the number of students in the class, I would select the discussion board, for I still think it is the easiest tool to use for following multiple discussions.

Brenda

Robin said...

Dr. Abramson asked: Should a course, whether totally or partially online, have more than one online tool for interactive discussion?

I have been giving a great deal of thought to this question lately. I am currently running a blog (which includes discussion and web page elements)for my second year fieldwork students in various locations in the U.S. I am also participating in a blog (which includes discussion/blog, email, IM, and collaborative elements) run by a member of my faith community. The blog I am running is an unholy mess! The students keep posting on the wrong page and no one knows to what posts the comments are referring. The second blog (not mine) is amazingly well run and organized. I'd like to blame my blog's problems on the students (!), but I see other causative factors that are more probable. First, my choice of venue was Wordpress.com. The interface is not intuitive or user-centered. As the administrator I do not have the ability to change certain navigation or layout elements (hey- it's free though). My friend went ahead and bought a domain, which includes many more design options. Second, I should have chosen a discussion forum if I wanted to support interactivity. This would allow for a threaded discussion which is more organized. My friend's blog is set up more along these lines.
So my conclusions thus far are (1) chose the right medium for the right purpose and (2) really get to know the technology before you spring it on your students.

I would also add that I agree with Brenda's comments about seamless transition between mediums. I want to combine a wiki and a discussion forum for a patient education online environment. Seems like I need a course management system to do this. Any ideas from my esteemed peers?

Brenda Stutsky said...

Question 1: Activity Less than Half the Final Grade

I must say that the issue of assigning a grade to online discussion is very interesting. As I reflect on all of the courses I have taken at Nova, for the most part, the amount of online discussion has been fairly steady except for one course in which there seemed to be an incredible amount of interaction, and two courses in which there was essentially no interaction. Has there been more interaction in the courses that the student receives a grade for postings? Yes! Even in Dr. Abramson’s courses, it is noted in her course book for online learning that if you don’t participate you FAIL the course; however, in the instruction delivery systems course, the same notation does not appear in the course book (I don’t think it does), although the teaching-learning portfolio grade does include online discussion. So, if doctoral students anecdotally interact less when a grade is not assigned, what can we expect from our students?

Last year I discovered a great model representative of online learning http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Community_of_inquiry_model For learning to occur in a constructivist online environment, you need cognitive presence, teaching presence, and social presence. So, in answering the question, I would say that whatever learning activity the teacher structures, it needs to include these main three elements. And, if the activity is not worth many marks, then maybe you just want to focus on the creation of a social presence just to get the students to talk, for without social presence, the likelihood of cognitive online learning will decrease.

Brenda

Unknown said...

Hi Brenda, Re: Question 1

The construct of the three presences that help ensure the efficacy of online teaching and learning was the topic of Terry Anderson's dissertation in the late 1990s at (I think) McGill University in Canada. He's written extensively on the subject, often with Garrison (another person who has worked extensively in this area) as a co-author. Here's an article in The Journal of Distance Education that you might find interesting. Scroll down to see Fig. 1, a Venn diagram of the interrelationships of the social, cognitive, and teaching presences in asynchronous computer conferencing: http://www.jofde.ca/index.php/
jde/article/viewArticle/153/341

Marilyn

Unknown said...

Hello Trudy,

When I was reading for my dissertation, I came across an interesting explanation for the comparatively lower-quality performance students are likely to turn in when they are asked to engage in an ungraded activity. The explanation was confirmed by one of the teachers whom I interviewed during the research portion of my study.

The observation was that students are groomed from the time of kindergarten bluebird and daisy stickers through the last year of high school or college they are in to have whatever activities they do receive grades. One of the teachers I interviewed who was using a blog with his sophomore English class gave students homework credits for meeting a requirement for number of posts during a particular time period. He was very disappointed with the quality of the work, which tended to be superficial in content and shoddy in execution. He also heard numerous complaints from students about what they regarded as burdensome extra work. However, it didn't occur to him to change the circumstances, primarily because he didn't want to have additional sets of work product to grade. But he also didn't think of a way to value the work the students did (there are other possibilities than grades!), and so the students resisted all around.

High school students and adult doctoral students are very different, of course. However, the work=grade formula may well be one that is so ingrained that students aren't even conscious of it when a project or task is presented as open, and respond with less than full enthusiasm.

Marilyn O.

Unknown said...

Hi Brenda, Re Question 2

If you do try a blog again, set up an RSS feed for it. That will gather all new comments made to the blog and publish them for you at a designated address. With RSS (Real Simple Syndication, or Real Simple System) you don't have to go fishing through the entire blog every time in order to see if there's something new. I haven't looked in a while, but Bloglines was one such feed. You can google for what's current.

Also, if comments are enabled for individual posters, any comments left for a particular post will be threaded to that post and so the flow of conversation is fairly easy to follow.

Another way to keep posts straight is to teach students to use a header (as I did above) to indicate which post they are responding to. So that plus the RSS feed should solve the problem.

Marilyn O.

Jeremy H. said...

How might a specific learning environment be transformed with a blog, a wiki or another web 2.0 tool?

Within a course management system, the status quo often happens. And, the status quo can often be uninspiring with little motivation to learn. Upload to this dropbox, finish this quiz, read this article, post this reponse...the normal way to learn with minimal interaction. Infuse a Wiki into this scenario, however, and peer to peer learning and collaboration can blossom. Students can collaborate on a body of knowledge, build a case study, edit the group work, interact with each other on revisions, see up-to-date changes, etc. Beyond responding to posts and interacting just with the CMS, students are actually learning together and building an experience!

Jen said...

Regarding whether grades prompt people to work harder or participate more, I think it is human nature to pay more attention to whatever is being measured. And it's not just grades in academia. A rule in business is to be careful what you measure, because that’s what will improve. When I was a manager at IBM, we worked very hard to insure we were measuring the things that would really improve our business. For example, if you count the number of lines of code a software developer generates and use that as an indicator of productivity, you're going to get people writing lots of code, but it might not be well-designed or good quality code.

It’s also a matter of priorities. On those days when I have more things to do than I have time for, the things that drop off my "to do" list are the things that aren’t important. And sometimes I judge what’s important by whether or not I’m being graded or evaluated on the task, especially if the task isn’t intrinsically valuable to me.

Jen

Dr. Trudy Abramson said...

Brenda, Jen and Everyone who wrote about grades,

Doctoral students should be focused on the big award - the doctoral degree and the changes the process should make in their professional presences.

There have been several dissertations on content analysis. Probably most cited is Sarah Schrire's. Measuring the value of posted content is a very time consuming process - something that most professors and instructor never have enough of. (I hate when a sentence ends with a preposition.)

Jen said...

Regarding content analysis, I read some of Sarah Schrire's dissertation as well as a later paper she wrote when I did a review of literature for a mini paper in Dr. Dringus' Online Learning Environments course (she teaches in the Cluster format). My mini paper was entitled "Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Evaluate Online Asynchronous Discussions". If anyone is interested in that topic, I'd be happy to share my mini paper with you.

Jen

Brenda Stutsky said...

Community of Inquiry Model & RSS

Marilyn - I really should think about using RSS feeds in these circumstances (instead of complaining), but I just get so many emails (can hit 100/day at work) that I sometimes can't bring myself to sign up for yet another email, although it is/woud be helpful.

As for the Community of Inquiry Model by Garrison, Anderson, & Archer, I have actually included the model in many of my papers, and I am planning to use it as the Conceptual Framework for my dissertation. Nice to know the background on it - I was thinking it came out of work at the University of Calgary?

Brenda

Brenda Stutsky said...

Dr. Abramson said, "Doctoral students should be focused on the big award - the doctoral degree and the changes the process should make in their professional presences."

I would say you are right, but when I hand in my transcript in a couple of weeks to accompany a request for educational funding, I think the marks may make a difference?

And, today I was at another hospital talking to the Chief Nursing Officer who has been a real mentor over the years, and she herself should have completed a doctoral degree. I think she almost achieved that degree by the thesis she completed - definitely doctoral and not masters level work. Anyways, I said that I had only "one" paper left with this huge grin on my face and said in a few weeks I will be able to write PhD(C)behind my name since the coursework will be completed. I know those intials should not make such as difference, but you can bet I am ordering new business cards :) Those initials will be my Gold Star!

Unknown said...

Hello Trudy,

Fish gotta swim, birds gotta fly . . . sometimes it is impossible to write a reasonable sentence without its ending in a preposition.

Winston Churchill, who knew a thing or two about writing, said that he preferred to have a sentence end with a preposition rather than have to write a dreadful line like this: "That is something up with which I will not put."

Marilyn O.

Yvette Marie Dulohery said...

Question 3: How might thinking skills be developed or extended through collaboration/interaction with any of the web 2.0 tools?

Dr. Ellis opened the world of knowledge managment as a consideration of vital importance during his database course. I believe Web 2.0 tools have the capability of expanding knowledge management, either through capturing the information, or through the social interaction and the development of synergistic information.

Thinking skills are apparent in the presentation of various perspectives within the Web 2.0 tools. The addition of information adds to the group within the blog format, without the concern of eliminating or replacing important data, which can occur in an interactive wiki or Google docs.

We are most familiar with the WebCT discussion forum, which may be the reason we find the format relatively safe and easy to use. However the discussion forums will not have a permanence and the knowledge will be lost with the eventual closure or loss of access to the online course. The students are not able to build on the knowledge of the classes that have preceded them.

We are in the neophyte stage of interactive Web 2.0 tools. As we continue to identify and communicate our needs and desires, others will recognize parallel methodologies or changes to meet those requests.